1. 一名警察看到一辆车的司机和前排乘客没有系安全带，也没有其他违章。根据新泽西州安全带法，会发生什么？
A police officer sees the driver and front-seat passenger of a car riding unbelted, with no other violation. What can happen under New Jersey's seat belt law?
- 警察可以仅凭安全带违章就拦停该车，因为这是主要违章（primary offense） / The officer may stop the vehicle for the seat belt violation alone, because it is a primary offense 正确答案
- 什么也不会发生——安全带违章永远不能成为拦停的理由 / Nothing — seat belt violations can never be the reason for a stop
- 警察只能向登记车主邮寄警告 / The officer may only mail a warning to the registered owner
- 只能处罚乘客，永远不能处罚司机 / Only the passenger can be cited, never the driver
在新泽西州，司机、前排乘客或18岁以下儿童未系安全带属于主要违章，警察可以仅凭这一点拦停车辆。司机对所有18岁以下乘客负责。
Failure of a driver, front-seat passenger, or child under 18 to wear a seat belt is a primary offense in New Jersey, so an officer can stop a motorist solely for it. The driver is responsible for all passengers under 18.
出处 Source：Chapter 3, Driver Responsibility — Buckle Up: New Jersey's Seat Belt Law · 官方手册 Official handbook
2. 一个6岁、身高52英寸的孩子乘坐你的车在新泽西州行驶。孩子必须坐在哪里、以什么方式乘坐？
A 6-year-old who is 52 inches tall rides in your car in New Jersey. Where and how must the child ride?
- 在后座坐在成人腿上 / On an adult's lap in the rear seat
- 在后座，使用联邦批准的带五点式安全带的面朝前儿童约束装置，或联邦批准的增高坐垫 / In a rear seat, in a federally approved forward-facing restraint with a five-point harness or a federally approved booster seat 正确答案
- 在前座系普通安全带，因为孩子已超过5岁 / In the front seat with the regular seat belt, because the child is over 5
- 在后座只系腰带式安全带 / In a rear seat with only a lap belt
8岁以下且身高不足57英寸的儿童必须坐在后座，使用联邦批准的带五点式安全带的面朝前约束装置或增高坐垫。所有8岁以下儿童都必须坐在后座。
Children under age 8 who are less than 57 inches tall must ride in a rear seat in a federally approved forward-facing five-point-harness restraint or a booster seat. All children under 8 must be seated in a rear seat.
出处 Source：Chapter 3, Driver Responsibility — Child Passenger Safety Law · 官方手册 Official handbook
3. 你的孩子18个月大，体重26磅。新泽西州法律要求使用哪种约束装置？
Your 18-month-old weighs 26 pounds. Which restraint does New Jersey law require?
- 带车辆肩带的增高坐垫 / A booster seat with the vehicle's shoulder belt
- 2岁以下不需要约束装置 / No restraint is required under age 2
- 联邦批准的带五点式安全带的面朝后儿童约束装置 / A federally approved rear-facing child restraint with a five-point harness 正确答案
- 面朝前的座椅，因为孩子已超过1岁 / A forward-facing seat, because the child is over 1 year old
2岁以下且体重不足30磅的儿童必须乘坐带五点式安全带的面朝后约束装置。
Children under age 2 who weigh less than 30 pounds must ride in a rear-facing restraint equipped with a five-point harness.
出处 Source：Chapter 3, Driver Responsibility — Child Passenger Safety Law · 官方手册 Official handbook
4. 在正面碰撞中，安全气囊如何与安全带配合工作？
How do air bags work together with seat belts in a frontal crash?
- 安全气囊使前排成人不需要系安全带 / Air bags make seat belts unnecessary for front-seat adults
- 儿童坐在前座时，安全气囊对他们的保护最好 / Air bags protect children best when they sit in the front seat
- 安全气囊以约20英里/小时的速度缓慢充气，为司机提供缓冲 / Air bags inflate slowly, at about 20 mph, to cushion the driver
- 安全气囊旨在辅助安全带，而不是取代它；12岁及以下儿童系好安全带坐在后座最安全 / Air bags are designed to supplement seat belts, not replace them; children 12 and younger are safest belted in the back seat 正确答案
安全气囊在正面碰撞中辅助腰带和肩带，充气速度可达200英里/小时。正因如此，儿童应系好安全带坐在后座，远离展开的乘客侧气囊。
Air bags supplement lap and shoulder belts in frontal crashes and can inflate at up to 200 mph. That force is why children belong belted in the back seat, away from a deploying passenger air bag.
出处 Source：Chapter 3, Driver Responsibility — Air Bags · 官方手册 Official handbook
5. 根据手册的停车距离表，在白天条件下，汽车从60英里/小时到完全停下，总共大约行驶多远？
According to the manual's stopping-distance table, about how far does a car travel in total before stopping from 60 mph under daytime conditions?
- 约343英尺（反应距离66英尺加制动距离277英尺） / About 343 feet (66 feet of reaction distance plus 277 feet of braking distance) 正确答案
- 约167英尺 / About 167 feet
- 约102英尺 / About 102 feet
- 约530英尺 / About 530 feet
该表将60英里/小时时66英尺的反应距离与277英尺的制动距离相加，总停车距离为343英尺。速度会同时拉长这两部分，因此速度越高，需要的停车空间越大。
The table combines a 66-foot reaction distance with a 277-foot braking distance at 60 mph, for a total stopping distance of 343 feet. Speed stretches both parts, which is why higher speed needs much more room to stop.
出处 Source：Chapter 3, Driver Responsibility — Stopping Distances · 官方手册 Official handbook
6. 以下哪一项不会影响车辆停车所需的时间？
Which of the following does NOT affect how long it takes a vehicle to stop?
- 车辆的重量 / The weight of the vehicle
- 车辆的颜色 / The color of the vehicle 正确答案
- 轮胎的状况和类型 / The condition and type of the tires
- 天气和能见度状况 / The weather and visibility conditions
停车距离取决于反应时间、天气和能见度、车辆重量、制动状况、轮胎状况和类型、路面状况以及速度。车辆颜色与之无关。
Stopping distance depends on reaction time, weather and visibility, vehicle weight, brake condition, tire condition and type, roadway condition, and speed. Vehicle color plays no part in it.
出处 Source：Chapter 3, Driver Responsibility — Stopping Distances · 官方手册 Official handbook
7. “三秒以上规则”如何帮助你判断跟车距离？
How does the three-seconds-plus rule help you judge following distance?
- 在任何速度下都保持正好三个车身长度 / Keep exactly three car lengths at every speed
- 在每个停车标志前刹车前先数三秒 / Count three seconds before braking at every stop sign
- 选定前方一个固定物体；当前车经过它时开始计数——如果你需要至少三秒才到达该物体，说明你有足够的突然停车空间 / Pick a fixed object ahead; when the vehicle in front passes it, count — if you need at least three seconds to reach it, you have room for a sudden stop 正确答案
- 每次看后视镜时数到三 / Count to three each time you check your mirrors
“三秒以上规则”在良好条件下适用于任何速度：前车经过固定物体后，你的车至少需要三秒才到达它。天气恶劣时，间隔应增加到四秒或以上。
The three-seconds-plus rule works at any speed in good conditions: at least three seconds between the vehicle ahead passing a fixed object and your vehicle reaching it. In bad weather the interval should grow to four or more seconds.
出处 Source：Chapter 5, Defensive Driving — Following Distances · 官方手册 Official handbook
8. 雨水使路面潮湿，交通以高速公路速度行驶。你的跟车间隔应如何变化？
Rain has made the road wet and traffic is moving at highway speed. How should your following interval change?
- 保持一秒，以便清楚看到前车 / Keep it at one second so you can see the vehicle ahead clearly
- 缩小距离，以免其他车辆溅起的水花挡住视线 / Close the gap so spray from other vehicles does not blind you
- 潮湿路面上不需要改变跟车距离 / Following distance does not need to change on wet roads
- 增加到四秒或以上，因为潮湿路面需要更多反应时间 / Increase it to four or more seconds, because wet roads demand more response time 正确答案
路况不佳时需要更大的跟车距离。好天气使用的三秒间隔在恶劣天气应增加到四秒或以上，在积雪路面应达到约六秒。
Poor conditions require more following distance. The three-second interval used in good weather should be increased to four or more seconds in bad weather, and to about six seconds on snow-covered roads.
出处 Source：Chapter 5, Defensive Driving — Following Distances · 官方手册 Official handbook
9. 使用“一个车身长度”经验法则，在良好条件下以50英里/小时行驶时，前方应保持多少空间？
Using the one-car-length rule of thumb, how much space should you keep ahead at 50 mph in good conditions?
- 约五个车身长度——每10英里/小时的速度保持一个车身长度（约20英尺） / About five car lengths — one car length (about 20 feet) for each 10 mph of speed 正确答案
- 任何速度下约两个车身长度 / About two car lengths at any speed
- 无论速度如何，约十个车身长度 / About ten car lengths regardless of speed
- 50英里/小时时一个车身长度就足够了 / One car length total is enough at 50 mph
经验法则是每10英里/小时的速度保持一个车身长度（约20英尺），因此50英里/小时在理想条件下需要约五个车身长度，路况变差时还需要更多。
The rule of thumb is one car length (about 20 feet) for each 10 mph, so 50 mph calls for about five car lengths in ideal conditions — and more when conditions worsen.
出处 Source：Chapter 5, Defensive Driving — Following Distances · 官方手册 Official handbook
10. 州法律要求你在转弯前打信号。必须提前多远打信号？
State law requires you to signal before turning. How far in advance must the signal be given?
- 只有当后方有其他交通时 / Only when other traffic is behind you
- 转弯前至少100英尺 / At least 100 feet before the turn 正确答案
- 转弯前至少25英尺 / At least 25 feet before the turn
- 在开始转弯的那一刻 / At the moment you begin turning
司机必须在转弯、变道、停车或减速前至少100英尺打信号，并在操作完成后取消信号，以免误导其他司机。
A motorist must put on the turn signal at least 100 feet before turning, changing lanes, stopping, or slowing down, and cancel it after the maneuver so other drivers are not misled.
出处 Source：Chapter 3, Driver Responsibility — Driving Signals · 官方手册 Official handbook
11. 你的转向灯坏了。左转的正确手势信号是什么？
Your turn signals have stopped working. What is the correct hand signal for a left turn?
- 左手和左臂向下指，手掌朝后 / Left hand and arm pointed downward, palm facing rear
- 左手画圈挥动 / Left hand waving in a circle
- 左手和左臂水平伸直 / Left hand and arm extended straight out 正确答案
- 左手和左臂向上指 / Left hand and arm pointed upward
标准手势信号是：左转——手臂水平伸直；右转——手臂向上；停车或减速——手臂向下、手掌朝后。转向灯修好之前应使用手势信号。
The standard hand signals are: left turn — arm straight out; right turn — arm upward; stop or slowing — arm downward with the palm facing to the rear. Use hand signals until broken turn signals are repaired.
出处 Source：Chapter 3, Driver Responsibility — Driving Signals · 官方手册 Official handbook
12. 前方司机将左臂向下伸出，手掌朝后。该司机在示意什么？
A driver ahead extends the left arm downward with the palm facing backward. What is that driver signaling?
- 左转 / A left turn
- 右转 / A right turn
- 允许你超车 / Permission for you to pass
- 停车或减速 / Stopping or slowing down 正确答案
手臂向下、手掌朝后是停车或减速的手势信号。手臂向上表示右转，手臂水平伸直表示左转。
Hand and arm downward with the palm facing to the rear is the hand signal for stopping or slowing down. An upward arm means a right turn and a straight-out arm means a left turn.
出处 Source：Chapter 3, Driver Responsibility — Driving Signals · 官方手册 Official handbook
13. 在潮湿路面上，车辆大约在什么速度开始发生水滑（打滑漂浮）？
At about what speed can a vehicle begin to hydroplane on a wet road?
- 约35英里/小时 / About 35 mph 正确答案
- 约15英里/小时 / About 15 mph
- 只在70英里/小时以上 / Only above 70 mph
- 水滑只发生在结冰路面上 / Hydroplaning only happens on icy roads
轮胎在约35英里/小时时就可能开始在水膜上漂浮，超过55英里/小时后可能完全离开路面，使刹车和转向几乎不可能。减速并避免使用磨损轮胎可降低风险。
Tires can begin to ride up on a film of water at about 35 mph, and after 55 mph they may leave the road surface entirely, making braking and turning nearly impossible. Slowing down and avoiding worn tires reduce the risk.
出处 Source：Chapter 5, Defensive Driving — Road Conditions · 官方手册 Official handbook
14. 你的车在潮湿的弯道上车尾开始向右滑动。正确的应对是什么？
Your car's rear end starts to slide to the right on a wet curve. What is the correct response?
- 尽快将方向盘打向滑动的反方向 / Turn the wheel away from the skid as fast as possible
- 松开油门，将方向盘向右转——即车尾滑动的方向——但不要过度转向 / Take your foot off the gas and turn the steering wheel to the right — in the direction the rear is skidding — without oversteering 正确答案
- 用力刹车并将方向盘急打向左 / Brake hard and turn the wheel sharply to the left
- 加速把车拉出滑动 / Accelerate to pull the car out of the slide
打滑时，松开油门，向车尾滑动的方向打方向盘，并看向你想去的方向。向滑动反方向打方向或用力刹车可能导致车辆旋转。
In a skid, ease off the gas and steer in the direction the rear of the vehicle is sliding, looking where you want to go. Turning away from the skid or braking hard can cause a spin.
出处 Source：Chapter 5, Defensive Driving — Reacting to Driving Problems · 官方手册 Official handbook
15. 你的右侧车轮驶离路面落到路肩上。你应该怎么做？
Your right wheels drop off the pavement onto the shoulder. What should you do?
- 加速，让车轮爬回路面 / Accelerate so the wheels can climb back onto the road
- 一边用力刹车一边打方向回到路面 / Brake hard while steering back onto the pavement
- 留在路肩上，松开油门，减速到25英里/小时或以下后，用四分之一圈方向盘转回路面 / Stay on the shoulder, ease off the gas, and after slowing to 25 mph or less, turn back onto the road with a quarter turn of the wheel 正确答案
- 立即猛打方向盘向左，回到路面 / Jerk the wheel left immediately to get back on the pavement
慌乱地猛打方向回路面可能使车辆冲过道路。应在路肩上松开油门，减速到25英里/小时或以下，然后用四分之一圈方向盘转回路面。
Panicked steering back onto the pavement can throw the vehicle across the road. Ease off the gas on the shoulder, slow to 25 mph or less, then turn back with a one-quarter turn of the steering wheel.
出处 Source：Chapter 5, Defensive Driving — Reacting to Driving Problems · 官方手册 Official handbook
16. 驾驶中刹车突然失灵。手册推荐的第一反应是什么？
Your brakes suddenly fail while driving. What is the first response the manual recommends?
- 立即关闭点火开关 / Turn off the ignition immediately
- 撞向最近的固定物体以停车 / Steer into the nearest fixed object to stop the car
- 如果速度低就跳出车辆 / Jump out of the vehicle if speed is low
- 换到低挡，并快速有力地反复踩刹车踏板以建立压力 / Shift to a lower gear and pump the brake pedal fast and hard several times to build up pressure 正确答案
对于传统刹车，换到低挡并快速有力地反复踩踏板，可能建立足够压力停下车。如果无效，使用驻车制动（同时握住释放装置），并寻找路外的安全地点。
With conventional brakes, shifting to a lower gear and pumping the pedal fast and hard may build enough pressure to stop. If that fails, use the parking brake while holding its release, and look for a safe place off the roadway.
出处 Source：Chapter 5, Defensive Driving — Vehicle Failure · 官方手册 Official handbook
17. 你听到一声巨响，车向一侧偏——轮胎爆胎了。你应该怎么做？
You hear a loud bang and the car pulls to one side — a tire blowout. What should you do?
- 握紧方向盘，保持车辆直行，松开油门，不使用刹车，滑行到路外安全处停下 / Hold the steering wheel firmly, keep the vehicle straight, take your foot off the gas, and coast to a stop off the roadway without using the brakes 正确答案
- 尽可能用力刹车以快速停车 / Brake as hard as possible to stop quickly
- 加速以重新获得控制，然后在本车道内换轮胎 / Accelerate to regain control, then change the tire in your lane
- 急转向轮胎完好的一侧 / Turn sharply toward the side of the good tires
爆胎时，最重要的是握紧方向盘并保持直线行驶。让车辆自行减速——刹车可能使车辆失控——然后驶离路面停下。
In a blowout, a firm grip and a straight path matter most. Let the vehicle slow on its own — braking can throw it out of control — and pull off the roadway to stop.
出处 Source：Chapter 5, Defensive Driving — Vehicle Failure · 官方手册 Official handbook
18. 油门踏板卡住，车辆持续加速。正确的顺序是什么？
Your gas pedal sticks and the car keeps accelerating. What is the correct sequence?
- 换到倒挡以抵消加速 / Shift into reverse to cancel the acceleration
- 眼睛注视道路，换到空挡，驶向路外安全区域，然后关闭发动机并打电话求助 / Keep your eyes on the road, shift to neutral, steer to a safe area off the roadway, then turn the engine off and call for help 正确答案
- 先关闭发动机，然后在没有助力转向的情况下转向 / Turn the engine off first, then steer with the power steering gone
- 在高速行驶时用手把踏板拉起来 / Pull the pedal up with your hand while driving at speed
换到空挡可以在保持转向控制的同时切断发动机对车轮的动力。先驶离道路，到达安全区域后再关闭发动机。
Shifting to neutral disconnects the engine's power from the wheels while you keep steering control. Steer off the road first, then shut the engine off once you are in a safe area.
出处 Source：Chapter 5, Defensive Driving — Vehicle Failure · 官方手册 Official handbook
19. 大雨中你的挡风玻璃雨刷突然停了。你应该怎么做？
Your windshield wipers stop suddenly during heavy rain. What should you do?
- 把头探出车窗绕过挡风玻璃看路 / Lean out of the window to see around the windshield
- 使用后视镜中的车道线保持原速行驶 / Keep driving at the same speed using the lane lines in your mirrors
- 减速，停到路外安全区域，并打开危险警告灯 / Slow down, pull to a safe area off the roadway, and turn on the emergency flashers 正确答案
- 加速，让雨水被风吹离挡风玻璃 / Speed up so rain blows off the windshield
雨刷不工作时，你在雨雪中无法获得足够视野。应减速，驶离路面到安全区域，打开危险警告灯，必要时打电话求助。
Without working wipers you cannot see well enough to drive in rain or snow. Slow down, get off the roadway to a safe area, switch on the emergency flashers, and call for help if needed.
出处 Source：Chapter 5, Defensive Driving — Vehicle Failure · 官方手册 Official handbook
20. 你发生了一起造成700美元财产损失的事故，且没有警察报告。你必须提交什么报告？期限是多久？
You are in a crash with $700 of property damage and no police report is filed. What report must you make, and by when?
- 损失低于1,000美元时永远不需要报告 / No report is ever required when damage is under $1,000
- 在90天内亲自到MVC报告 / Report to the MVC in person within 90 days
- 只有对方司机需要提交报告 / Only the other driver has to file a report
- 在10天内向MVC提交书面报告，并立即通知你的保险公司 / Send a written report to the MVC within 10 days, and notify your insurance company at once 正确答案
当财产损失超过500美元或有人受伤，且没有警察报告时，司机必须在10天内向MVC提交书面报告，并立即通知保险公司。
When property damage is more than $500 or anyone is injured, a motorist must send a written report to the MVC within 10 days if no police report is filed, and notify the insurance company right away.
出处 Source：Chapter 5, Defensive Driving — Crashes · 官方手册 Official handbook
21. 预报夜间有雪。根据新泽西州法律，第二天早上开车前必须做什么？
Snow is forecast overnight. What does New Jersey law require before you drive the next morning?
- 开车前清除全车积雪和冰——引擎盖、后备箱、车顶和挡风玻璃 / Remove accumulated snow and ice from the whole vehicle — hood, trunk, roof, and windshield — before driving 正确答案
- 只在挡风玻璃上清出一个小孔即可 / Clear only a small peephole in the windshield
- 什么都不用做；雪会在行驶中被吹掉 / Nothing; snow will blow off as you drive
- 只有上高速公路时才需要除雪 / Remove snow only if you will drive on a highway
州法律要求开车前清除车辆外露表面的积雪和冰——引擎盖、后备箱、车顶和挡风玻璃。违反者即使没有任何雪冰脱落，也会被罚款25至75美元。
State law requires removing accumulated ice and snow from the exposed surfaces of the vehicle — hood, trunk, roof, and windshield — before driving. Violating it costs a fine of $25 to $75 even if nothing flies off.
出处 Source：Chapter 3, Driver Responsibility — Car Condition · 官方手册 Official handbook
22. 你在新泽西州停着车、发动机运转着等待。法定怠速时限是多少？
You are waiting in your parked car with the engine running in New Jersey. What is the legal idling limit?
- 寒冷天气时三十分钟 / Thirty minutes in cold weather
- 三分钟或更短 / Three minutes or less 正确答案
- 十分钟或更短 / Ten minutes or less
- 新泽西州没有怠速限制 / There is no idling limit in New Jersey
新泽西州法律将车辆怠速限制在三分钟或以内，只有少数例外，例如堵车。违反者每次可被罚款250至1,000美元。
New Jersey law restricts vehicle idling to three minutes or less, with limited exceptions such as being stuck in traffic. Vehicle and property owners face fines of $250 to $1,000 for each violation.
出处 Source：Chapter 3, Driver Responsibility — Idling Your Vehicle · 官方手册 Official handbook
23. 你的车辆配备了防抱死制动系统（ABS）。紧急停车时应如何刹车？
Your vehicle has an anti-lock braking system (ABS). How should you brake in an emergency stop?
- 在刹车和油门之间交替 / Alternate between the brake and the gas pedal
- 用驻车制动代替脚踏刹车 / Use the parking brake instead of the pedal
- 对踏板施加稳定而有力的压力——不要反复踩踏刹车，也不要猛打方向盘 / Apply steady, firm pressure to the pedal — do not pump the brakes or jerk the steering wheel 正确答案
- 像传统刹车一样快速反复踩踏板 / Pump the pedal rapidly, as with conventional brakes
使用ABS时，对踏板施加最大的稳定压力可以保持转向控制，因为系统会自动防止车轮抱死。反复踩踏板或猛打方向盘可能导致失控，即使速度只有35英里/小时。
With ABS, maximum steady pressure on the pedal preserves steering control because the system prevents wheel lock-up automatically. Pumping the pedal or violently jerking the wheel can cause a loss of control, even at speeds as low as 35 mph.
出处 Source：Chapter 3, Driver Responsibility — Car Condition · 官方手册 Official handbook
24. 在新泽西州，轮胎必须有多少胎纹深度才能安全合法地行驶？
How much tread must a tire have for a vehicle to be driven safely and legally in New Jersey?
- 至少1/4英寸胎纹 / At least 1/4 inch of tread
- 胎纹深度不受规定；只有气压重要 / Tread depth is not regulated; only air pressure matters
- 只要能看到任何胎纹图案，无论多浅都足够 / Any visible tread pattern, however shallow, is enough
- 至少1/16英寸胎纹——约一美分硬币边缘的厚度 / At least 1/16 inch of tread — about the edge of a penny 正确答案
轮胎胎纹少于1/16英寸的车辆不应行驶。轮胎还必须匹配——子午线轮胎不应与其他类型轮胎混用。
A vehicle should not be driven on tires with less than 1/16 inch of tread. Tires must also match — radials should not be mixed with other tire types.
出处 Source：Chapter 3, Driver Responsibility — Car Condition · 官方手册 Official handbook
25. 夜间驾驶时，安全速度的核心规则是什么？
What is the core rule for safe speed when driving at night?
- 在车头灯照射范围内行驶——始终能在你看得见的前方距离内停下 / Drive within the range of your headlights — always be able to stop within the distance you can see ahead 正确答案
- 因为道路更空，比白天快10英里/小时 / Drive 10 mph faster than daytime speed because roads are emptier
- 紧跟前车并精确匹配其速度 / Follow the vehicle ahead closely and match its speed exactly
- 始终使用远光灯，这样速度就永远不用改变 / Use high beams at all times so speed never has to change
夜间视野受限，因此应减速并在车头灯范围内行驶：综合考虑速度、反应距离和制动距离，车辆必须能在前方可见距离内停下。
Vision is reduced at night, so slow down and drive within the headlights' range: the vehicle must be able to stop inside the distance visible ahead, considering speed, reaction distance, and braking distance.
出处 Source：Chapter 5, Defensive Driving — Night Driving · 官方手册 Official handbook
