1. 在新泽西州，21岁或以上司机的血液酒精浓度（BAC）达到什么水平即属违法酒驾？
In New Jersey, a driver age 21 or older is illegally under the influence when the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) reaches what level?
- 0.10%或以上 / 0.10 percent or higher
- 任何可检测到的量，从0.01%开始 / Any detectable amount, starting at 0.01 percent
- 0.08%或以上 / 0.08 percent or higher 正确答案
- 0.05%或以上 / 0.05 percent or higher
对于成年人，新泽西州将违法BAC定为0.08%或以上。更严格的0.01%标准适用于21岁以下的司机。
For adults, New Jersey sets the illegal BAC at 0.08 percent or higher. The stricter 0.01 percent standard applies to drivers under 21.
出处 Source：Chapter 6, Drinking, Drugs, and Health — How Much is Too Much · 官方手册 Official handbook
2. 一名19岁司机被拦停，BAC为0.02%。在新泽西州，这是什么法律情况？
A 19-year-old driver is stopped with a BAC of 0.02 percent. What is the legal situation in New Jersey?
- 合法——0.08%的限制适用于每位司机 / Legal — the 0.08 percent limit applies to every driver
- 只有当司机同时有行驶违章时才违法 / Illegal only if the driver also committed a moving violation
- 合法，因为司机已超过18岁 / Legal, because the driver is over 18
- 违法——对于21岁以下司机，BAC达到0.01%或以上驾驶即属违法 / Illegal — for drivers under 21, it is against the law to drive with a BAC of 0.01 percent or higher 正确答案
新泽西州对年轻司机适用近乎零容忍的标准：21岁以下，BAC达到0.01%或以上驾驶即属违法，并会在其他酒驾处罚之外另行受罚。
New Jersey applies a near-zero standard to young drivers: under 21, driving with a BAC of 0.01 percent or more is illegal and brings penalties on top of any other DUI/DWI penalties.
出处 Source：Chapter 6, Drinking, Drugs, and Health — How Much is Too Much · 官方手册 Official handbook
3. 当司机的BAC达到0.10%时，事故风险如何变化？
How does crash risk change when a driver reaches a BAC of 0.10 percent?
- 引发事故的风险约为平时的六倍 / The risk of causing a crash is about six times as great 正确答案
- 风险与0.05%时大致相同 / The risk stays about the same as at 0.05 percent
- 风险约为平时的两倍 / The risk is about twice as great
- 风险更低，因为司机会变得更谨慎 / The risk is lower because the driver becomes more cautious
风险随BAC陡峭上升：略高于0.05%时风险翻倍，0.10%时是六倍，0.15%时是25倍。
Risk climbs steeply with BAC: slightly above 0.05 percent the risk doubles, at 0.10 percent it is six times as great, and at 0.15 percent it is 25 times as great.
出处 Source：Chapter 6, Drinking, Drugs, and Health — How Much is Too Much · 官方手册 Official handbook
4. 以下哪一组饮品所含酒精量大致相同——每杯约半盎司？
Which set of drinks contains about the same amount of alcohol — roughly half an ounce per drink?
- 葡萄酒不含计入BAC的酒精 / Wine contains no alcohol that counts toward BAC
- 1.5盎司86标准酒精度烈酒、一瓶12盎司啤酒和一杯5盎司葡萄酒 / 1.5 ounces of 86-proof liquor, a 12-ounce beer, and a 5-ounce glass of wine 正确答案
- 双份烈酒、一品脱啤酒和一整瓶葡萄酒 / A double shot of liquor, a pint of beer, and a full bottle of wine
- 只有同类型的饮品酒精含量才相等 / Only drinks of the same type contain equal alcohol
关键不在于你喝什么，而在于你喝了多少：1.5盎司86标准酒精度烈酒、12盎司啤酒和5盎司葡萄酒各含约半盎司酒精。大多数因酒驾被捕的人喝的是啤酒。
It is not what you drink but how many drinks you have: 1.5 ounces of 86-proof liquor, 12 ounces of beer, and 5 ounces of wine each contain about a half ounce of alcohol. Most people arrested for drinking and driving had been drinking beer.
出处 Source：Chapter 6, Drinking, Drugs, and Health — Effects of Alcohol · 官方手册 Official handbook
5. 一个喝过酒的司机在喝了咖啡、吃了一顿大餐后感觉良好。什么才能真正让该司机清醒？
A driver who has been drinking feels fine after coffee and a large meal. What actually makes that driver sober?
- 大餐，因为食物能完全吸收酒精 / A large meal, because food absorbs the alcohol completely
- 几分钟的新鲜空气和运动 / Fresh air and exercise for a few minutes
- 只有时间——身体清除酒精的速度很慢，没有任何快速方法有效 / Only time — the body removes alcohol slowly, and no quick method works 正确答案
- 咖啡，因为咖啡因能抵消酒精 / Coffee, because caffeine cancels out alcohol
约90%的酒精由肝脏氧化，其余通过呼吸、尿液和汗液排出——全都非常缓慢。食物可以减缓吸收，但不能防止高BAC，也不能让司机清醒；只有时间可以。
About 90 percent of alcohol is oxidized by the liver and the rest leaves through breath, urine, and sweat — all slowly. Food can slow absorption but cannot prevent a high BAC or make a driver sober; only time can.
出处 Source：Chapter 6, Drinking, Drugs, and Health — Effects of Alcohol · 官方手册 Official handbook
6. 哪些因素决定一个人的血液酒精浓度？
Which factors determine a person's blood alcohol concentration?
- 只有所喝饮品的类型 / Only the type of beverage consumed
- 饮酒者的年龄和饮品的颜色 / The drinker's age and the color of the drink
- 饮酒是在室内还是室外 / Whether the drinks were consumed indoors or outdoors
- 饮酒量、体重、饮酒速度以及所吃的食物 / Quantity of alcohol consumed, body weight, how quickly the drinks are consumed, and food eaten 正确答案
BAC由四个因素决定：饮酒量、体重、饮酒速度以及所吃的食物。
BAC is determined by four factors: how much alcohol was consumed, the person's body weight, how quickly the drinks were consumed, and what food was eaten.
出处 Source：Chapter 6, Drinking, Drugs, and Health — How Much is Too Much · 官方手册 Official handbook
7. 新泽西州的“默示同意法”对司机意味着什么？
What does New Jersey's implied consent law mean for drivers?
- 使用新泽西州道路的司机，已同意在因酒驾被逮捕后接受呼气测试 / By using New Jersey roadways, motorists have agreed to submit to a breath test after an arrest for an intoxicated-driving offense 正确答案
- 司机预先同意在任何时间搜查其车辆 / Drivers consent in advance to any search of their vehicle at any time
- 司机同意在购车时安装点火联锁装置 / Drivers agree to install an interlock device when they buy a car
- 默示同意只适用于商用司机 / Consent is implied only for commercial drivers
默示同意意味着同意已经包含在新泽西州道路驾驶之中：因酒驾被捕后，司机应接受执法人员或医院工作人员进行的呼气测试。
Implied consent means the agreement is built into driving on New Jersey roads: after an arrest for an intoxicated-driving offense, the motorist is expected to take a breath test given by law enforcement or hospital staff.
出处 Source：Chapter 7, Driver Privileges and Penalties — Breath Test · 官方手册 Official handbook
8. 一名因酒驾被捕的司机拒绝呼气测试。在新泽西州会发生什么？
A driver arrested for DUI refuses to take a breath test. What can happen in New Jersey?
- 逮捕自动撤销 / The arrest is automatically dismissed
- 拒绝本身即属违法——司机可被拘留并送往医院抽血，并面临每年1,000美元、为期三年的附加费，以及可能的吊销驾照、罚款和安装联锁装置 / Refusal is itself illegal — the driver can be detained and taken to a hospital for a blood draw, and faces a $1,000-per-year surcharge for three years, plus possible license loss, fines, and interlock installation 正确答案
- 什么也不会发生——拒绝是受保护的权利，没有处罚 / Nothing — refusal is a protected right with no penalties
- 只有50美元罚款，当场缴纳 / Only a $50 fine, paid at the scene
在新泽西州拒绝呼气测试是违法的。后果包括被拘留并送医院抽血、每年1,000美元为期三年的违章附加费，并视以往记录可能吊销驾驶资格、转介IDRC、罚款和要求安装点火联锁装置。
Refusing a breath test in New Jersey is illegal. Consequences include detention and a hospital blood draw, a violation surcharge of $1,000 per year for three years, and — depending on past offenses — loss of driving privileges, IDRC referral, fines, and an ignition interlock requirement.
出处 Source：Chapter 7, Driver Privileges and Penalties — Breath Test · 官方手册 Official handbook
9. 点火联锁装置如何工作？
How does an ignition interlock device work?
- 它每小时向MVC报告司机的位置 / It reports the driver's location to the MVC every hour
- 它在行程结束前禁用收音机和电话 / It disables the radio and phone until the trip ends
- 它内置呼气酒精测试仪，如果司机BAC超过0.05%，车辆无法启动 / It has a built-in breathalyzer and prevents the vehicle from starting if the driver's BAC exceeds 0.05 percent 正确答案
- 它在酒驾定罪后将车辆限速在25英里/小时 / It limits the vehicle to 25 mph after a DUI conviction
点火联锁装置接入车辆并自带呼气测试仪。如果司机的BAC超过0.05%，车辆将无法启动。
An ignition interlock is wired into the vehicle with its own breathalyzer. If the motorist's BAC exceeds 0.05 percent, the vehicle will not start.
出处 Source：Chapter 7, Driver Privileges and Penalties — Ignition Interlock Device · 官方手册 Official handbook
10. 对于初犯酒驾、BAC为0.08%但低于0.10%的情况，点火联锁装置必须安装多久？
For a first DUI offense with a BAC of 0.08 percent but less than 0.10 percent, how long must an ignition interlock be installed?
- 自恢复之日起两到四年 / Two to four years from the date of restoration
- 初犯从不需要安装 / It is never required for a first offense
- 正好五年 / Exactly five years
- 自驾驶资格恢复之日起三个月 / Three months from the date driving privileges are restored 正确答案
联锁期限随BAC增加：初犯0.08%至低于0.10%为恢复后3个月；0.10%至低于0.15%为7个月到1年；0.15%或以上还要加上吊销期间以及恢复后的12到15个月。
Interlock periods scale with BAC: a first offense at 0.08 to under 0.10 percent means 3 months from restoration; 0.10 to under 0.15 means 7 months to 1 year; 0.15 or higher adds a period during suspension plus 12 to 15 months after restoration.
出处 Source：Chapter 7, Driver Privileges and Penalties — Ignition Interlock Device · 官方手册 Official handbook
11. 执法人员受过识别酒驾司机的训练。他们观察的典型迹象是哪一组？
Law enforcement officers are trained to spot drinking drivers. Which set lists telltale signs they watch for?
- 超速、蛇形行驶、异常缓慢驾驶、顿挫动作和急停 / Speeding, weaving, unusually slow driving, jerking motion, and quick stops 正确答案
- 过早打转向灯和完美停车 / Using turn signals too early and parking perfectly
- 驾驶新车并系安全带 / Driving a new car and wearing a seat belt
- 开着车窗跟着收音机唱歌 / Singing along to the radio with the windows down
警察观察超速、车道内蛇形行驶、过度谨慎的缓慢驾驶、顿挫式走走停停，以及在标志或信号灯前突然急停——这些都是酒驾司机的典型迹象。
Officers watch for speeding, weaving within the lane, overly cautious slow driving, a jerking stop-and-go motion, and sudden quick stops at signs or lights — all classic signs of an intoxicated driver.
出处 Source：Chapter 6, Drinking, Drugs, and Health — Drinking and Driving · 官方手册 Official handbook
12. 除酒精外，在涉事司机体内最常发现的药物是什么？它对驾驶的一个影响是什么？
After alcohol, which drug is most often found in drivers involved in crashes, and what is one of its effects on driving?
- 大麻对驾驶技能没有可测量的影响 / Marijuana has no measurable effect on driving skills
- 大麻——它可导致循迹能力丧失、距离判断变差和警觉性降低 / Marijuana — it can cause loss of tracking ability, poor distance judgment, and reduced vigilance 正确答案
- 咖啡因——它使司机在驾驶时睡着 / Caffeine — it causes drivers to fall asleep at the wheel
- 维生素补充剂——它们使距离判断模糊 / Vitamin supplements — they blur distance judgment
除酒精外，大麻是在事故涉事司机中最常发现的药物。它影响循迹能力、距离判断、警觉性和注意力分配——这些都是核心驾驶技能。
After alcohol, marijuana is the drug most often found with drivers involved in crashes. It affects tracking ability, distance judgment, vigilance, and divided attention — all core driving skills.
出处 Source：Chapter 6, Drinking, Drugs, and Health — Drugs and Driving · 官方手册 Official handbook
13. 一个处方药瓶上标注“可能引起嗜睡或头晕”。开车前你应该怎么做？
A prescription bottle is labeled "may cause drowsiness or dizziness." What should you do before driving?
- 配咖啡服用以保持清醒 / Take it with coffee to stay alert
- 服用时只在熟悉的道路上驾驶 / Drive only on familiar roads while using it
- 开车前不要服用该药；咨询专业人士它可能如何影响你的驾驶 / Do not take the drug before driving; ask a professional how it may affect your driving 正确答案
- 服用一半剂量并缓慢驾驶 / Take half the dose and drive slowly
标注会引起嗜睡或头晕的药物不应在开车前服用。感冒药、镇静剂和一些处方药会损害基本驾驶技能，酒精绝不能与任何药物混合。
Drugs labeled as causing drowsiness or dizziness should not be taken before driving. Cold pills, tranquilizers, and some prescription drugs can impair basic driving skills, and alcohol must never be mixed with any drug or medication.
出处 Source：Chapter 6, Drinking, Drugs, and Health — Drugs and Driving · 官方手册 Official handbook
14. 你举办了一个提供酒精的聚会，一位喝多了的客人坚持要开车回家。作为主人，你的责任是什么？
You are hosting a party where alcohol is served, and a guest who drank too much insists on driving home. What is your responsibility as a host?
- 再给客人一杯酒以拖延出发 / Serve the guest one last drink to delay the departure
- 让客人开车，因为主人永远不需要负责 / Let the guest drive, because hosts are never responsible
- 收走客人的钥匙，一小时后无论状态如何都归还 / Take the guest's keys and return them after one hour regardless of condition
- 不要让客人开车——安排其他交通，建议小睡或留宿，最后手段是通知警察；如果客人发生事故，主人可能面临诉讼 / Do not let the guest drive — arrange other transportation, suggest a nap or an overnight stay, and as a last resort notify the police; a host can face a lawsuit if the guest crashes 正确答案
好的主人应提供无酒精饮料和食物，在聚会结束前早早停止供应酒精，绝不让醉酒的客人开车。如果客人在离开聚会后发生事故，主人可能被卷入诉讼。
A good host offers alcohol-free drinks and food, stops serving alcohol well before the party ends, and never lets an impaired guest drive. Hosts may become involved in a lawsuit if a guest crashes after leaving the party.
出处 Source：Chapter 6, Drinking, Drugs, and Health — Good Hosts and the Drinking Driver · 官方手册 Official handbook
15. 对于BAC为0.01%至低于0.08%的未成年酒驾初犯，适用什么处罚？
What penalties apply to an underage first DUI offense with a BAC of 0.01 percent to less than 0.08 percent?
- 吊销驾驶资格30至90天、15至30天社区服务，并参加IDRC或酒精教育与公路安全计划 / A 30- to 90-day suspension of driving privilege, 15 to 30 days of community service, and participation in an IDRC or alcohol education and highway safety program 正确答案
- 只有警察的口头警告 / Only a verbal warning from the officer
- 50美元罚款，不吊销驾照 / A $50 fine with no suspension
- 立即永久吊销驾照 / Immediate permanent loss of the license
未成年人在0.01%至低于0.08%范围内的初犯，将被吊销驾驶资格30至90天、社区服务15至30天，并必须参加酒驾资源中心（IDRC）或酒精教育计划。
An underage first offense in the 0.01 to under 0.08 percent range brings a 30- to 90-day suspension, 15 to 30 days of community service, and required participation in an Intoxicated Driver Resource Center or alcohol education program.
出处 Source：Chapter 7, Driver Privileges and Penalties — DUI: Underage Offense · 官方手册 Official handbook
