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🪪 马萨诸塞州 · 驾照与车辆手续

Licensing & Your Vehicle — 共 20 道题。每题附答案、讲解和手册出处；想自测的话去 练习模式，想按官方格式考一次去 模拟考试。

1. 在马萨诸塞州，申请 D 类学习驾照的最低年龄是多少？

What is the minimum age to apply for a Class D learner's permit in Massachusetts?

  1. 16 岁 / 16 正确答案
  2. 15 岁 / 15
  3. 15 岁半 / 15 and a half
  4. 17 岁 / 17

申请 D 类或 M 类学习驾照必须年满 16 岁，且未满 16 岁者根本不能在马萨诸塞州驾驶。

You must be at least 16 to apply for a Class D or Class M learner's permit, and no one under 16 may drive in Massachusetts at all.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Obtaining Your License · 官方手册 Official handbook

2. D 类学习驾照考试有多少道题、要答对多少、时间多久？

How many questions are on the Class D learner's permit exam, how many must you answer correctly, and how much time do you get?

  1. 25 道题；答对 20 道；60 分钟 / 25 questions; 20 correct; 60 minutes
  2. 25 道题；答对 18 道；25 分钟 / 25 questions; 18 correct; 25 minutes 正确答案
  3. 50 道题；答对 40 道；50 分钟 / 50 questions; 40 correct; 50 minutes
  4. 30 道题；答对 21 道；30 分钟 / 30 questions; 21 correct; 30 minutes

学习驾照考试为 25 道选择题、25 分钟，答对 18 道即通过。

The permit exam is 25 multiple-choice questions in 25 minutes, and 18 correct answers pass.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Obtaining Your License · 官方手册 Official handbook

3. 哪一类驾照涵盖汽车、SUV 和家庭厢式车等普通乘用车辆？

Which license class covers ordinary passenger vehicles such as cars, SUVs, and family vans?

  1. A 类 / Class A
  2. B 类 / Class B
  3. D 类 / Class D 正确答案
  4. C 类 / Class C

D 类是普通乘用车驾照；A、B、C 是商用类，M 类是摩托车。

Class D is the common passenger-vehicle license; A, B, and C are commercial classes and M is motorcycles.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Obtaining Your License · 官方手册 Official handbook

4. B 类驾照持有人可以驾驶哪些车辆（在有适当签注时）？

A Class B license holder may operate which vehicles (with proper endorsements)?

  1. 只有摩托车 / Only motorcycles
  2. 只有 10,000 磅以下的车辆 / Only vehicles under 10,000 pounds
  3. 任何被牵引单元超过 10,000 磅的组合车辆 / Any combination with a towed unit over 10,000 pounds
  4. 任何总重（GVWR）达 26,001 磅或以上的单一车辆，或牵引 GVWR 不超过 10,000 磅车辆的此类车辆——以及所有 C 类和 D 类车辆 / Any single vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001 pounds or more, or such a vehicle towing up to 10,000 pounds GVWR — and all Class C and D vehicles 正确答案

B 类涵盖重型单一车辆并包括 C 类和 D 类权限；重型组合车辆属于 A 类。

Class B covers heavy single vehicles and includes Class C and D privileges; the heavy combination definition belongs to Class A.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Obtaining Your License · 官方手册 Official handbook

5. 马萨诸塞州驾照有效期多长，通常何时到期？

For how long is a Massachusetts driver's license valid, and when does it usually expire?

  1. 最长五年；通常在你的生日到期 / A maximum of five years; typically on your birthday 正确答案
  2. 三年；1 月 1 日 / Three years; on January 1
  3. 十年；在签发日 / Ten years; on the issue date
  4. 五年；在你迁入马萨诸塞州之日 / Five years; on the date you moved to Massachusetts

驾照最长有效五年，通常在持有人生日到期；可提前至一年续期。

Licenses run a maximum of five years and typically expire on the holder's birthday; renewal is possible up to a year early.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Obtaining Your License · 官方手册 Official handbook

6. 你刚成为马萨诸塞州居民并持有其它州的有效驾照。换取马萨诸塞州驾照的宽限期是多久？

You just became a Massachusetts resident and hold a valid license from another state. How long is your grace period to get a Massachusetts license?

  1. 30 天 / 30 days
  2. 没有宽限期——必须取得马萨诸塞州驾照才能继续驾驶 / There is no grace period — you must obtain a Massachusetts license to keep driving 正确答案
  3. 60 天 / 60 days
  4. 六个月 / Six months

新居民必须取得马萨诸塞州驾照，没有宽限期。

New residents must get a Massachusetts license with no grace period.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Obtaining Your License · 官方手册 Official handbook

7. 获得完整 D 类驾照必须达到什么视力标准？

What vision standard must you meet for a full Class D license?

  1. 双眼 20/20 / 20/20 in both eyes
  2. 较好眼 20/70 就够拿完整驾照 / 20/70 in the better eye is enough for a full license
  3. 较好眼矫正视力至少 20/40，双眼水平周边视野至少 120 度 / At least 20/40 corrected acuity in the better eye and at least 120 degrees of horizontal peripheral vision with both eyes 正确答案
  4. 只测色觉 / Only color vision is tested

矫正视力在 20/50 至 20/70 之间可能只符合仅限日间驾驶的驾照。

Corrected vision between 20/50 and 20/70 may qualify only for a daylight-only license.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Obtaining Your License · 官方手册 Official handbook

8. 若你只是因为戴眼镜才通过视力筛查，你的驾照上会出现什么？

If you pass the vision screening only because you wear glasses, what appears on your license?

  1. “矫正镜片”限制——代码字母 B——驾驶时必须佩戴镜片 / A 'Corrective Lenses' restriction — code letter B — and you must wear your lenses when you drive 正确答案
  2. 什么都没有 / Nothing
  3. 任何情况下都是仅限日间限制 / A daylight-only restriction in all cases
  4. 一条眼镜可选的备注 / A note that glasses are optional

戴镜片通过会加上 B 限制；G 才是仅限日间。

Passing with lenses adds restriction B; restriction G is daylight only.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Obtaining Your License · 官方手册 Official handbook

9. D 类学习驾照持有人练习时，谁可以陪同监督？

Who may supervise a Class D learner's permit holder while they practice?

  1. 任何 18 岁以上的持照驾驶员 / Any licensed driver over 18
  2. 坐在学习者旁边的持照驾驶员，年满 21 岁且有至少一年驾驶经验 / A licensed operator seated beside the permit holder who is at least 21 years old with at least one year of driving experience 正确答案
  3. 只能是父母，无论经验如何 / A parent only, regardless of experience
  4. 持有 30 天后可独自练习 / The permit holder may practice alone after 30 days

监督者必须坐在学习者旁边、年满 21 岁、持有效驾照且有至少一年驾驶经验。

The supervisor must sit beside the learner, be at least 21, hold a valid license, and have at least a year of driving experience.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Obtaining Your License · 官方手册 Official handbook

10. 一名未满 18 岁的学习驾照持有人想在凌晨 2 点开车。什么时候允许？

A permit holder who is under 18 wants to drive at 2 a.m. When is that allowed?

  1. 绝不允许 / Never
  2. 只要通常的监督者在场 / Whenever the regular supervisor is present
  3. 只有在有父母或法定监护人陪同时——对方须是持照且有至少一年驾驶经验的驾驶员 / Only when accompanied by a parent or legal guardian who is a validly licensed operator with at least one year of driving experience 正确答案
  4. 仅限周末 / On weekends only

未满 18 岁的学习者在午夜至凌晨 5 点之间不得驾驶，除非有符合执照和经验条件的父母或监护人陪同。

Under-18 permit holders may not drive between midnight and 5 a.m. without a parent or legal guardian meeting the license and experience conditions.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Obtaining Your License · 官方手册 Official handbook

11. 16 岁半至 18 岁的人在参加初级驾驶员驾照（JOL）路考前必须完成什么？

What must a 16-and-a-half to 18-year-old complete before taking the road test for a Junior Operator License?

  1. 只有学习考试 / Only the permit exam
  2. 仅 100 小时夜间驾驶 / 100 hours of night driving only
  3. 大学驾驶课程 / A college driving course
  4. 持有学习驾照至少连续六个月、保持六个月良好记录、完成批准的驾驶教育课程，并完成 40 小时监督驾驶（参加技能提升课程则为 30 小时） / Hold a permit at least six consecutive months, keep a clean record for six months, finish an approved driver education program, and complete 40 hours of supervised driving (30 with a skills development program) 正确答案

驾驶教育本身包括 30 小时课堂、12 小时实驾和 6 小时观摩其他学员。

Driver education itself is 30 classroom hours, 12 behind-the-wheel hours, and 6 hours observing other students.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Junior Operator License Law · 官方手册 Official handbook

12. 持有 JOL 的头六个月，在没有合格成年人坐在旁边的陪同时，哪些乘客可以乘坐初级驾驶员的车？

During the first six months with a Junior Operator License, which passengers may ride with the junior operator without a qualifying adult beside them?

  1. 任何朋友，只要是学生 / Any friends, if they are students
  2. 任何人都不能坐，包括家人 / No passengers at all, including family
  3. 18 岁以下同事，仅限工作出行 / Coworkers under 18, for work trips only
  4. 只有驾驶员本人或 18 岁以下的直系亲属——其它 18 岁以下乘客需要有持照、21 岁以上且有至少一年经验的驾驶员坐在旁边陪同 / Only the driver themselves or an immediate family member under 18 — other under-18 passengers require a licensed driver age 21+ with at least one year of experience seated beside the junior operator 正确答案

头六个月乘客限制禁止搭载驾驶员本人或直系亲属以外的 18 岁以下乘客，除非有合格成年人坐在旁边。

The first-six-month passenger restriction bars under-18 passengers other than the driver or immediate family, unless the qualifying adult is beside the driver.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Junior Operator License Law · 官方手册 Official handbook

13. 初级驾驶员违反乘客或夜间限制的吊销处罚是什么？

What are the suspension penalties for a Junior Operator who violates the passenger or night restriction?

  1. 仅罚款 25 美元 / A $25 fine only
  2. 初犯 60 天，第二次 180 天，之后一年 / 60 days for a first offense, 180 days for a second, and one year for later offenses 正确答案
  3. 每次都是 30 天 / 30 days for every offense
  4. 18 岁前不吊销 / No suspension until age 18

第二次及以后的违例还须完成驾驶态度再培训课程。

Second and later offenses also require a Driver Attitudinal Retraining course.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Junior Operator License Law · 官方手册 Official handbook

14. 初级驾驶员第一次超速被抓。会有什么吊销处罚？

A Junior Operator is caught speeding for the first time. What suspension follows?

  1. 30 天 / 30 days
  2. 一年 / One year
  3. 90 天 / 90 days 正确答案
  4. 没有——只有罚款 / None — only a fine

JOL 持有者第一次超速吊销 90 天，之后为一年；飙车为一年，然后三年。

For a JOL holder, a first speeding offense brings a 90-day suspension; a later one brings a year. Drag racing brings one year, then three.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Junior Operator License Law · 官方手册 Official handbook

15. 对初级驾驶员而言，在凌晨 12:30 至 5:00 之间驾驶，仅在……时允许

For a Junior Operator, driving between 12:30 a.m. and 5:00 a.m. is allowed only when…

  1. 有父母之一或法定监护人陪同时 / Accompanied by one of their parents or their legal guardian 正确答案
  2. 开车去上班时 / They are driving to work
  3. 持有 JOL 满三个月时 / They have held the JOL for three months
  4. 只在高速公路上驾驶时 / They drive on highways only

无父母或监护人陪同违反 JOL 夜间规定，可被控无证驾驶，属刑事违规。

Breaking the JOL night rule without a parent or guardian can be charged as driving without a license, a criminal violation.

出处 Source：Chapter 1 — Junior Operator License Law · 官方手册 Official handbook

16. 什么是“附加费事件”（surchargeable event）？

What is a 'surchargeable event'?

  1. 任何经过收费站的行程 / Any trip through a toll plaza
  2. 机动车违规或有过错事故，会计入可能的驾照吊销并影响保险 / A motor vehicle violation or an at-fault crash, which counts toward a possible license suspension and affects insurance 正确答案
  3. 只有停车罚单 / Only a parking ticket
  4. 车辆年检不合格 / A vehicle inspection failure

违规和有过错事故属于附加费事件；大多数外州定罪按发生在马萨诸塞州计算。

Violations and at-fault crashes are surchargeable events; most out-of-state convictions count as if they happened in Massachusetts.

出处 Source：Chapter 3 — Surchargeable Events · 官方手册 Official handbook

17. 一名驾驶员在两年内累积三个附加费事件。必须做什么、在多久内？

A driver collects three surchargeable events within two years. What must they do, and by when?

  1. 五个事件前什么都不用做 / Nothing until five events
  2. 一年内重考路考 / Retake the road test within a year
  3. 在 90 天内完成马萨诸塞州驾驶员再培训课程，否则驾照将被吊销直至完成 / Complete the Massachusetts Driver Retraining Course within 90 days, or the license is suspended until it is completed 正确答案
  4. 20 天内缴纳 500 美元 / Pay a $500 fee within 20 days

再培训课程为八小时、分两次四小时完成，且不会抹除记录上的违例。

The retraining course is eight hours, in two four-hour sessions, and it does not erase the offenses from the record.

出处 Source：Chapter 3 — Surchargeable Events · 官方手册 Official handbook

18. 三年内多少个附加费事件会触发自动吊销驾照 60 天？

How many surchargeable events within three years trigger an automatic 60-day license suspension?

  1. 三个 / Three
  2. 五个 / Five
  3. 十个 / Ten
  4. 七个 / Seven 正确答案

三年内七个附加费事件即自动吊销 60 天。

Seven surchargeable events in three years means an automatic 60-day suspension.

出处 Source：Chapter 3 — Surchargeable Events · 官方手册 Official handbook

19. 12 个月内三次超速违规会导致什么？

Three speeding violations within a 12-month period result in what?

  1. 自动吊销驾照 30 天 / An automatic 30-day license suspension 正确答案
  2. 一封警告信 / A warning letter
  3. 仅罚款 100 美元 / A $100 fine only
  4. 强制社区服务 / Mandatory community service

一年内三次超速即吊销驾照 30 天。

Three speeding findings in a year suspend the license for 30 days.

出处 Source：Chapter 3 — Surchargeable Events · 官方手册 Official handbook

20. 你收到一张民事机动车违规传票。必须在多少天内缴纳罚款或申请听证，哪些未缴款项会阻止驾照续期？

You receive a citation for a civil motor vehicle infraction. Within how many days must you pay the fine or request a hearing, and which unpaid items can block license renewal?

  1. 90 天； 没有任何事项能阻止续期 / 90 days; nothing blocks renewal
  2. 20 天；未缴停车罚款、消费税、未决逮捕令及未缴通行费都可阻止续期 / 20 days; unpaid parking fines, excise taxes, outstanding warrants, and unpaid toll violations can block renewal 正确答案
  3. 10 天；只有未缴超速罚款阻止续期 / 10 days; only unpaid speeding fines block renewal
  4. 民事传票从不影响驾照 / Civil citations never affect a license

民事传票给你 20 天缴纳或申请听证；置之不理会被判定有责、加收滞纳金并可能被吊销。

A civil citation gives you 20 days to pay or request a hearing; ignoring it means being found responsible, a late fee, and possible suspension.

出处 Source：Chapter 3 — Civil Motor Vehicle Infractions / License Nonrenewal · 官方手册 Official handbook

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